| Icon | Description | |
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8vb 8vb (ottava bassa) mans play all of the notes one octave lower |
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loco loco (“in place”) is written after an 8va or 8vb marking. It means play all the notes back in their original position. |
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pp pp stands for pianissimo, which means play very quietly.
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p p stands for piano, which means play quietly. |
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mp mp stands for mezzo piano, which means play quite quietly. |
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mf mf stands for mezzo forte, which means play quite loudly. |
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f f stands for forte, which means play loudly. |
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ff ff stands for fortissimo, which means play very loudly. |
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crescendo crescendo means gradually get louder. |
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diminuendo diminuendo means gradually get quieter. |
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